The taller the woman, the higher her cancer risk

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Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
Also Included In: Women's Health / Gynecology
Article Date: 28 Jul 2013 - 0:00 PDT

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The taller the woman, the higher her cancer risk

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The ability to reach items on high shelves and easily see through a crowd may no longer have the same appeal for some women. A study recently published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention finds a link between postmenopausal women's height and cancers.

According to the study, the taller a woman's stature is, the higher the risk of cancer at a number of different sites, including breast, colon, endometrium, kidney, ovary, rectum and thyroid. Additionally, taller women have a greater risk of developing multiple myeloma and melanoma.

All of these associations did not change after adjusting for known influencers of these cancers, such as age, weight, education, smoking habits, alcohol intake and hormone therapy. The researchers say that height even had more influence over cancer risk than a common measure of obesity, body mass index (BMI).

Researchers studied 144,701 women aged 50 to 79 who participated in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 1998. After a follow-up 12 years later, in total, 20,928 cancers were identified within the group.

Results showed that for every 10-centimeter increase in height (3.94 inches), there was a 13% increase in likelihood of developing cancer.

Specifically:

• An increase in risk of 13-17% for breast, ovary, endometrium and colon cancers, as well as for melanoma, and
• An increase in risk of 23-29% for kidney, rectum, thyroid and blood cancers.

There were 19 cancers studied in total, none of which displayed a negative association with height.

Geoffrey Kabat - senior epidemiologist in the department of epidemiology and population health at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY - says:

"We were surprised at the number of cancer sites that were positively associated with height. In this data set, more cancers are associated with height than were associated with body mass index.

Ultimately, cancer is a result of processes having to do with growth, so it makes sense that hormones or other growth factors that influence height may also influence cancer risk."

Various studies in the past have looked at personal characteristics in relation to cancers. For example, a recent study linked height and BMI to ovarian cancer. An interesting note made by the current researchers is that both height and BMI have been increasing by about 1 cm each decade in high-income countries, potentially increasing the risk for cancer in the process.

Few previous studies have adjusted for other known influencers of cancer when researching the effect of height.

Dr. Geoffrey Kabat makes the obvious point that, unlike other risk factors such as diet and lifestyle, height is not something we can change. He adds, however:

"Although it is not a modifiable risk factor, the association of height with a number of cancer sites suggests that exposures in early life, including nutrition, play a role in influencing a person's risk of cancer."

While the researchers found an association between cancer and height, the medical evidence shows it is a complex disease that cannot be linked purely to one factor.

Written by Marie Ellis

Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today Visit our cancer / oncology section for the latest news on this subject.

"Adult stature and risk of cancer at different anatomic sites in a cohort of postmenopausal women,? Geoffrey C. Kabat, et al., Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0305. Abstract/summary; early online release.

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SmackDown Five-Point Preview: July 12, 2013

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Seeking the business crowd, Dunkin' Donuts rolls out new look

Food

Martha C. White NBC News contributor

2 hours ago

Dunkin' Donuts

Image provided by Dunkin' Donuts shows the new decor for its coffee shops.

Sink into a comfortable chair under soft lighting, plug in your laptop and hop onto the coffee shop?s free wi-fi network. Think you?re in Starbucks? Think again: This is the new face of Dunkin? Donuts.

For years, the chain has styled itself as the anti-Starbucks, even selling a T-shirt on its website that reads, ?Friends Don?t Let Friends Drink Starbucks.? But customers will notice some decidedly Starbucks-like elements when they step into a Dunkin? Donuts.

The bright orange and pink colors of the brand?s logo will still be present, but mellowed by brown and tan shades on the walls and floors, softer lighting and upholstered seats.

?The hottest trend in the restaurant business right now is fast casual,? said Harry Balzer, chief industry analyst at market research firm the NPD Group. The success of chains like Panera Bread and Chipotle Mexican Grill have other restaurant companies scrambling to emulate their practices.

?In specialty coffee, you want to have a third-place element [a place to hang out that's not home or work]. I do think a lot of their reimaging program plays into that idea,? said R.J. Hottovy, senior restaurant analyst at Morningstar.

Dunkin? Donuts is taking a page not just from Starbucks? playbook, but from the entire fast food market. Within the past two years, McDonald?s, Wendy?s and Burger King have all added more sophisticated, grown-up elements to their decor and the look of their restaurants.

If the results of the big burger chains are any indication, the overhaul could be a good investment for franchisees. Their brand image will probably get an initial bump. According to market YouGov BrandIndex market research, all three burger chains registered better consumer impressions after debuting new looks for their restaurants, although the lift was temporary for all three.

McDonald?s says introducing its new design gives stores in the U.S. a 6 percent incremental sales lift, and Wendy?s said made-over stores generate 20 percent higher sales.

With its makeover, Dunkin? is trying to break out of the breakfast category it traditionally has been associated with and get customers to think of it as an all-day destination. ?The modernized design incorporates many new features to create a warm environment for guests who seek a longer, more relaxed visit to Dunkin? Donuts as part of their day,? the company said in a release.

?People are eating and drinking around the clock now and working wherever they have to,? said Todd Hooper, retail strategist at consulting firm Kurt Salmon. Fast food and coffee shops are shifting, he said, ?going from just a kitchen to being an out-of-home den or office or conference room.?

Kathy Hayden, foodservice analyst at Mintel, said Dunkin? Donuts also is positioning itself to capitalize on two workplace trends: As more people telecommute, they?re looking for places where they can get out of the house and still get work done. And a more mobile work force means more demand for places that can serve as ersatz locations for business meetings.

?Offering wi-fi is not enough. You need to have a welcoming atmosphere,? she said.

Adding traditional coffeehouse touches shouldn?t detract from Dunkin?s brand image in customers? minds, Hooper said. ?I think you can still be an anti-Starbucks person but sit in a comfy chair.?

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US senator calls for military strikes on Syria

?

Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich.)

A prominent U.S. senator has called on the administration of President Barack Obama to attack Syrian ?airfields, airplanes and massed artillery.?

The influential chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Carl Levin (D-Mich.) who has returned from a fact-finding trip to the Middle East, also expressed support for arming the militant groups fighting against the government of President Bashar al-Assad.

?Increased military pressure on Assad is the only way to achieve a negotiated settlement in Syria, which in turn is needed to restore stability to a region that certainly doesn?t need any more instability,? Levin said Wednesday during a speech at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Levin conceded that the U.S. public opposes an increased involvement in the Syrian conflict and that there is ?no consensus? on the issue on Capitol Hill.

Senator Levin and Senator Angus King (I-Maine) spent five days in Jordan and Turkey, talking to government officials as well as U.S. diplomatic and military personnel about the conflict in Syria.

The two senators also met with militant leaders including Salim Idriss, the leader of the so-called Free Syrian Army (FSA), and visited refugee camps along the Syrian border.

In a joint statement on Tuesday, Levin and King said the U.S. and its allies should arm and train the militants and consider ?options for limited, targeted strikes at airplanes, helicopters, missiles, tanks and artillery.?

However they said they were not calling for American troops on the ground in Syria.

The senators noted that ?doing nothing may be the worst option of all,? potentially destabilizing U.S. allies in the region, including Turkey and Jordan, and threatening Israeli interests.

In a letter last month, Sen. Levin, Sen. John McCain, a Republican from Arizona and Democratic Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey called on President Obama to take ?more decisive military actions? against Syria.

A recent opinion poll conducted by the Pew Research Center shows that the majority of Americans, 70 percent, are against U.S. involvement in Syria?s unrest.

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